ABSTRACT
Both micronuclei [MN] and binuclei [BN] as well as RAPD [Random Amplifying Polymorphism of DNA] assays are newly biomarkers which are well-introduced in toxic injury and related genotoxicity studies in bivalve, fishes and even humans. However, there is no record of such studies in Iranian Persian Gulf coast line so far. For this propose, we analyzed frequency of MN and RAPD patterns in gill cells of rock oyster [soccostrea cucullata] [n=30] collected from two area including Dayer [as reference area] and Mahshahr which was already shown oil contaminant are relatively high in this area owing to be oil vessel terminal. Our results showed micronuclei frequency is significantly higher in rock oysters of Mahshahr than Dayer area [p<0.05]. Binuclei cells were also observed in some individuals of Mahshahr. Besides, RAPD analysis indicated less diversity in polluted area individuals. The results of this study suggest that MN and RAPD analyses can be easily considered as a useful tool for assessment of diverse pollution on aquatic organism in coastal area of Persian Gulf
ABSTRACT
Applying foreign standards for accreditation of Master of Science in nursing and midwifery in Iran seems anomalous. Taking advantage of these foreign standards as well as the views of experts in nursing and midwifery, the researcher in this study tried to develop the accreditation standards according to educational circumstances in Iran. This study was performed in the years of 2005-2006 during multiple stages. In the first stage, international standards were gathered through the internet, and in the second stage, using these standards and the views of expert faculty members, proper standards for the context of Iran were set. During the third stage, Delphi technique was employed for taking votes. Whereas 50 persons having the criteria for entering the study were selected through purposeful sampling method and their viewpoints toward appropriateness of suggested standards for the educational circumstances of the country was obtained using the questionnaire designed in the second stage. The results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. After applying experts' views about applicability of these standards to circumstances in the country, 28 standards and 224 indices for nursing and midwifery education were proposed as final standards. Most standards had almost 90% desirability. Issues such as presenting evidences indicating the ability of speaking in English or qualification for education in Master of Science courses had less desirability. It seems that the main cause of their undesir'ability is the educational status in Iran
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Midwifery , Nursing , Delphi Technique , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
Introduction: Developing of medical sciences has depended on researches and academic attempts and its goal is patient's comfort and their health promotion. Actually continuing education is a good way to develop staffs' knowledge. This study has tried to declare educational needs of post operating room staffs
Methods: This is a retrospective descriptive analytic study carried out on recovery personnel working in Isfahan university hospitals. Researcher collected the data through questionnaires including questions investigating all domains of personnel's knowledge on patients' postoperative care and complications. The sampling was done by census sampling selecting 63 subjects of whom 3 were left out of study [total samples60]. The data were analyzed by SPSS soft ware
Results: Findings showed the mean knowledge score of early respiratory complications was 63.6 [SD =12.4]. Also the data have showed the mean knowledge score of early circulatory complications was 57.8 [SD=24.2]. The mean knowledge score of early neuropsychiatry complications was 64.7 [SD= 18.8] and the mean knowledge score of early anesthesia complications was 63.9 [SD=23.2]. There was a significant difference between mean scores by T test. [P=000]
Discussion: The findings showed that recovery personnel's knowledge scores were not in a good level. There was a significant association between the score of knowledge related to early circulation disorders [the lowest mean score] and the one related to early anesthesia disorders [the highest mean score]. There was also a significant difference between the mean scores [P=000] proving that there is no coordinating between staff's knowledge and their needs to take care of patients. Finally continuing educational programs are recommended to be carried out based on the subjects' educational needs